Four-fifths of the province is situated above 500 metres of altitude, constituting a part of the Scandinavian mountain range. Sweden's highest village Hogvalen, at 835 metres, is also within the province.
Härjedalen is strange in that there are no cities at all. The only village of even modest size is the market town Sveg, which used to be the administrive center of the province.
The provincial flower is the Arctic violet. It is prominent on high altitudes in Europe, and is also found in the Alps.
Sanfjallet National Park extends through the municipality.